Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 6 de 6
Filter
1.
Interdisciplinaria ; 36(1): 77-86, jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056520

ABSTRACT

El hábito de fumar puede causar daños a la voz, incluso en etapas tempranas. El valor alpha ratio permitiría detectar cambios en el timbre de voz debido a dicho hábito, pudiendo ser un indicador preventivo de futuras patologías vocales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre los valores de alpha ratio de hombres y mujeres, fumadores y no fumadores, sin patología vocal previa, de manera de respaldar su uso a nivel preventivo. Se midieron los valores Leq 0-1000 Hz y Leq 1000-5000 Hz, que componen alpha ratio, en 194 sujetos entre 18 y 26 años que no hacen uso profesional de la voz. El grupo se dividió en 32 hombres fumadores y 21 no fumadores, 61 mujeres fumadoras y 80 no fumadoras. Se grabaron sus voces en una cámara silente, utilizando los programas Audacity y PRAAT. Los valores alpha ratio en fumadores tanto en hombres como mujeres, presentaron valores promedio mayores que los no fumadores. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los valores de alpha ratio entre hombre fumadores y no fumadores (p = .2799) solo entre mujeres fumadoras y no fumadoras (p = .0111). Se compararon los valores Leq 0-1000 Hz y Leq 1000-5000 Hz entre mujeres fumadoras y no fumadoras encontrándose solo diferencias significativas en los valores Leq 1000-5000 Hz (p = .0095). Se puede concluir que el valor alpha ratio podría ser un buen indicador temprano de predisposición para el desarrollo de alteraciones que afecten el timbre de voz, en especial en el caso de las mujeres.


Smoking habit can cause damage to the voice, even in the early stages, which can hinder the communication process. Early identification of alterations in vocal parameters allows preventive measures to be taken prior to the generation of irreversible damage. The alpha ratio value is a vocal parameter obtained through an acoustic analysis that would allow detecting changes in the voice timbre, being able to be a preventive indicator of vocal pathologies. The objective of this investigation was to determine if there are significant differences between the alpha ratio values of men and women, smokers and non-smokers, without previous vocal pathology. The values Leq 0-1000 [Hz] and Leq 1000-5000 [Hz], which make up the alpha ratio value, were measured in 194 subjects between 18 and 26 years of age who did not use professional voice. The group was divided into 32 male smokers and 21 non-smokers, 61 females mokers and 80 non-smokers. The information gathering process was carried out in two stages: in the first one the subject was asked to inhale deeply and to emit a / a / sustained for a time of 5 seconds, for calibration and verification of parameters. In the second stage, a text of 101 words was requested: For the recording, a microphone was used 10 cm away from the face, with a 45° angle to it. Study subjects were standing at all times. The Audacity and PRAAT programs were used for recording and acoustic analysis, respectively, and for the statistical analysis the STATA version 14 program was used. Alpha ratio values in smokers (men and women) presented higher values than non-smokers. Male smokers average alpha ratio: .5181709; male non-smokers average alpha ratio value: .4972945. Female smokers, average alpha ratio: .5321025; Non-smoking women, average alpha ratio value: .5036634. However, no significant differences were found between the values of alpha ratio between male smokers and non-smokers (p = .2799) only among females mokers and non-smokers (p = .0111). When there were statistically significant differences between the alpha ratio values of smoking and non-smoking women, the values of Leq 0-1000Hz and Leq 1000-5000 Hz were analyzed independently. The mean value Leq 0-1000 Hz of female smokers was 36.80148; The mean value Leq 0-1000 Hz in non-smoking women was 35.8655. There is no significant difference between these values (p = .171). The mean value Leq 1000-5000 Hz of female smokers was 19.58016; the mean value Leq 1000-5000 Hz in non-smoking women was 18.15138; there is a significant difference between these values (p =.0095). These results are consistent with previous research since the alterations of the voice, due to tobacco damage, are manifested in frequencies above 1000 Hz, although it would have been expected that the values of smokers were lower than the non-smokers, and not higher as in this case. This could be due to the fact that the subjects in this study were healthy, with no diagnosed pathology, and are likely to be at an early stage of vocal damage and as a compensatory form their system is making an over exertion that manifests itself in more values high. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the alpha ratio value could be a good early indicator of predisposition for the development of alterations affecting voice timbre especially in the case of women. It is necessary in order to provide a correct preventive diagnosis, to establish reference values of normality that allow to identify alterations and to study how the value of alpha ratio was affected in a population of smokers with greater number of years of smoking habit.

3.
Horiz. enferm ; 29(1): 26-33, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1222404

ABSTRACT

Los trastornos de salud mental poseen un origen multifactorial; según cifras de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, estos afectan aproximadamente a unos 450 millones de personas y al 10% de la población mundial adulta. Entre otros factores, también puede afectar la economía y el producto nacional bruto entre un 3 y 4%. Esta revisión se planteó como objetivo determinar la eficacia de los efectos asociados a la actividad física y al deporte como factor protector de enfermedades de salud mental. En Chile, los trastornos de salud mental fueron los causantes del 8,9% de las muertes el año 2009. Estos trastornos principalmente se han asociado al abuso del consumo de alcohol y drogas; el consumo de marihuana en la población adolescente representa un 13,5% y en la población adulta, un 33%. Actualmente se considera que la práctica regular de actividad física y deporte es un factor protector, ante diversos trastornos de salud mental, como anorexia, depresión, distemia, estabilidad emocional, entre otros, debido a que, es bien sabido, que el deporte ayuda a mejor los estados de ánimo asociados, estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Chile ha incluido entre sus políticas 2011 ­ 2020 el aumento de la actividad física en la población, considerando el alto índice de sedentarismo, y además, como un método preventivo de diversas patologías de salud mental. Esta revisión concluye la existencia de evidencia positiva con relación al uso de la actividad física y el deporte como factor de protección de enfermedades de salud mental.


Mental health disorders have a multifactorial origin, according to figures from the World Health Organization these affect approximately 450 million people and 10% of the adult world population.Being able to affect the economy and the gross national product between 3 and 4%. The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy of the effects associated with physical activity and sports as a protective factor for mental health illnesses. In Chile, mental health disorders were the cause of 8.9% of deaths in 2009. These disorders have been mainly associated with the abuse of alcohol and drugs, showing marijuana use in the adolescent population 13.5 % and 33% in the adult population. Currently has been raised to the regular practice of physical activity and sport asa protective factor against various mental health disorders such as anorexia, depression, dystemia, emotional stability among others, because it is well known that sport helps improve the states of associated mood, stress, anxiety and depression. Chile has included among its policies 2011-2020 the increase of physical activity in the population considering the high rate of sedentary lifestyle, as well as preventive method of various pathologies of mental health. This review concludes the existence of positive evidence regarding the use of physical activity and sport as a protective factor for mental health illnesses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sports , Exercise , Protective Factors , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Anorexia , Chile , Depression
4.
Medwave ; 14(5)jun. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716850

ABSTRACT

Introducción El dolor muscular de inicio tardío o Delayed Onset Muscular Soreness (DOMS) corresponde a una condición músculo-esquelética dolorosa, que se produce comúnmente entre 24 a 48 horas, y hasta las 72 horas, posteriores a la realización de actividad física poco habitual o ejercicios físicos de alta intensidad que impliquen una actividad muscular excéntrica. En el campo de la rehabilitación física la inmersión en agua fría corresponde a una de las intervenciones más utilizadas en la medicina deportiva, orientada principalmente a minimizar el dolor muscular de inicio tardío y promover la recuperación después del ejercicio. Objetivo Comprobar la validez y aplicabilidad de los resultados en relación a la efectividad de la inmersión en agua fría posterior al ejercicio de alta intensidad y responder la siguiente interrogante: en sujetos que realizan actividad física de forma regular, ¿puede la inmersión en agua fría comparada con la terapia pasiva (reposo) disminuir el dolor muscular de inicio tardío? MétodosSe analizó el artículo “Inmersión en agua fría (crioterapia) para prevenir y tratar el dolor muscular posterior al ejercicio”, revisión sistemática Cochrane, de Bleakley et al (2012). Resultados La inmersión en agua fría podría disminuir el dolor muscular de inicio tardío posterior al ejercicio de alta intensidad a las 24 horas posteriores a la intervención, diferencia media estandarizada -0,55 (IC: 95 por ciento; -0,84 a -0,27), 48 horas diferencia media estandarizada -0,66 (IC: 95 por ciento; -0,97 a -0,35), 72 horas diferencia media estandarizada -0,93 (IC: 95 por ciento; -1,36 a -0,51) y hasta 96 horas de seguimiento diferencia media estandarizada -0,58 (IC: 95 por ciento; -1,00 a -0,16). Conclusión A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas presentes en los estudios incluidos en la revisión sistemática analizada, se encuentra razonable recomendar la inmersión en agua fría (crioterapia)


Introduction Late onset muscle soreness, also known as delayed onset muscle soreness, is a painful musculoskeletal condition that may occur 24-48 and up to 72 hours after the completion of unusual physical or high intensity exercise involving eccentric muscle activity. In the field of physical rehabilitation, immersion in cold water is a common intervention mainly used in sports medicine, to minimize delayed onset muscle soreness and promote recovery after exercise. ObjectiveTo assess the validity and applicability of the results regarding the effectiveness of immersion in cold water after high intensity exercise and answer the following question: In subjects who exercise regularly, can cold-water immersion compared to passive therapy (rest) reduce late-onset muscle soreness? Methods The article "Cold Water Immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise," a Cochrane systematic review authored by Bleakley et al (2012), was analyzed. ResultsImmersion in cold water can decrease delayed onset of muscle pain after high intensity exercise. Twenty-four hours after the intervention, the mean standardized difference was -0.55 (95 percent CI: -0.84 to -0.27); 48 hours after, the mean standardized difference was -0.66 (95 percent CI: -0.97 to -0.35); 72 hours after, the mean standardized difference was -0.93 (95 percent CI: -1.36 to -0.51) and up to 96 hours after, mean standardized difference was -0.58 (95 percent CI: -1.00 to -0.16). Conclusion Despite the methodological limitations present in the studies included in the systematic review analyzed, we found the recommendation for cold water immersion (cryotherapy) reasonable in individuals with late muscle pain caused by high intensity sports.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cryotherapy/methods , Pain/prevention & control , Exercise/physiology , Muscular Diseases/therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Immersion , Pain Management/methods , Reproducibility of Results
5.
Medwave ; 13(9)oct. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716667

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: comprobar la validez de los resultados y aplicabilidad respecto a la efectividad de la aplicación del ultrasonido terapéutico en el aumento de la cicatrización de úlceras en extremidad inferior y responder a la interrogante: en sujetos que presentan úlceras venosas de extremidad inferior, ¿puede el ultrasonido terapéutico de alta frecuencia mejorar la tasa de cicatrización, comparado con placebo? Método: se realizó un análisis del artículo “Ultrasonido terapéutico para úlceras venosas en extremidad inferior. Revisión sistemática Cochrane” de Cullum, et al. Resultados: la aplicación de ultrasonido terapéutico de alta frecuencia podría aumentar la cicatrización en sujetos con úlceras venosas de extremidad inferior con riesgo relativo de 1,40 (IC 95 por ciento; 1-1,96). Conclusión: no se aprueba ni desaconseja la aplicación de ultrasonido terapéutico orientada al aumento de la cicatrización en úlceras venosas de extremidad inferior.


Purpose. The aim of this CAT (Critically Appraised Topic) was to check the validity of the results and applicability regarding the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound in increasing healing of lower extremity ulcers and to answer the question: In subjects that have lower extremity venous ulcers, does high-frequency therapeutic ultrasound improve healing rate compared to placebo? Method. We conducted an analysis of the article "Therapeutic Ultrasound for lower extremity venous ulcers, Cochrane Systematic Review" of Cullum, et al (2010). Results. The application of high-frequency therapeutic ultrasound could increase healing in patients with lower extremity venous ulcers, RR = 1.40 (95 percent CI 1.00 to 1.96). Conclusion. The use of therapeutic ultrasound to promote healing in lower extremity venous ulcers is neither endorsed nor discouraged.


Subject(s)
Humans , Review Literature as Topic , Ultrasonic Therapy , Varicose Ulcer/therapy , Wound Healing , Evidence-Based Medicine , Lower Extremity , Reproducibility of Results
6.
Medwave ; 13(8)sept. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716661

ABSTRACT

Propósito: este Critically Appraised Topic (CAT) pretende responder a la pregunta ¿puede la estimulación eléctrica transcutánea de baja frecuencia disminuir el dolor en sujetos que presentan osteoartritis de rodilla? Método: se analizó el artículo “Electroestimulación transcutánea para la osteoartritis de la rodilla”, revisión sistemática Cochrane, de Rutjes et al (2009). Se comprobó la validez de los resultados, aplicabilidad y efectividad de este procedimiento en pacientes con osteoartritis de rodilla. Resultados: la electroestimulación transcutánea de baja frecuencia puede reducir el dolor en sujetos con osteoartrosis de rodilla (IC 95 por ciento -1,36 a -0,34), con una SMD de -0,85. Conclusión: se concluye que no se aprueba ni desaconseja su aplicación orientada en la reducción del dolor.


Purpose. The aim of this CAT (Critically Appraised Topic) was to check the validity of the results and effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation in subjects with knee osteoarthritis and answer the question: In subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee, does low frequency transcutaneous electrical stimulation reduce pain? Method. We conducted an analysis of the article "Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for osteoarthritis of the knee, Cochrane Systematic Review" of Rutjes et al (2009). We analyzed validity of results, applicability and effectiveness of this intervention in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Results. Low frequency transcutaneous electrical stimulation may reduce pain in subjects with knee osteoarthritis. SMD -0.85 (95 percent CI -1.36 to -0.34). Conclusion. The intervention is neither endorsed nor discouraged in knee pain reduction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy , Review Literature as Topic , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Pain Management , Reproducibility of Results
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL